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Wallets/wise

Wise (formerly TransferWise)

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Overview

Wise (formerly TransferWise) is the world's leading consumer + business cross-border-transfer + multi-currency-account fintech, operated by Wise plc (LON: WISE) — founded January 2011 by Kristo Käärmann + Taavet Hinrikus [1, 2]. In FY2025 (ending March 2025), Wise moved £145.2 billion across borders for 15.6 million people and businesses with revenue £1.2 billion (+15% YoY) or $2.1 billion net revenue (+18% YoY). By Q3 FY26 (three months ended December 31, 2025), Wise served 10.9 million active customers (+20% YoY) + moved £47.4 billion in cross-border (+26% YoY).

Wise revolutionized cross-border transfers via real exchange rate + transparent fee model, eliminating the hidden FX margin banks historically charged. The model: P2P matching of opposite-direction transfers within local payment rails.

History

January 2011 — Founded as TransferWise in London [2] by Kristo Käärmann + Taavet Hinrikus (Estonians).

2011-2018 — Mass European + US expansion [2]: Multi-currency accounts added.

2018 — Wise Business launched [2]: SME multi-currency accounts.

2020 — TransferWise rebranded to Wise [2]: Reflects broader product scope beyond transfers.

July 2021 — Direct listing on London Stock Exchange (LON: WISE) [2]: ~$11B valuation at listing.

2024-2025 — Continued growth + customer holdings 5.7x growth over 4 years to £21.5B [1].

FY2025 (ended March 31, 2025) [3]:

  • Cross-border volume: £145.2B (+23% YoY).
  • Customers served: 15.6 million.
  • Revenue: £1.2B (+15% YoY); $2.1B net revenue (+18% YoY).

Q3 FY26 (ending Dec 31, 2025) [4]:

  • Active customers: 10.9M (+20% YoY).
  • Cross-border volume Q3: £47.4B (+26% YoY).

Ownership & operator

Operating entity: Wise plc (LON: WISE) — UK-incorporated, London-listed public company.

Founders: Kristo Käärmann (CEO) + Taavet Hinrikus (co-founder; former Skype #1 employee).

Major shareholders: Wise founders + Sky Capital + IVP + Andreessen Horowitz + Lone Pine Capital + Baillie Gifford + public float.

Regulators:

  • United Kingdom: FCA (UK Electronic Money Institution license).
  • European Union: Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) + Wise Europe SA (Belgian EMI).
  • United States: state-level money transmitter licenses + FinCEN MSB registration.
  • Singapore: MAS (Monetary Authority of Singapore).
  • Australia: AUSTRAC + ASIC.
  • Japan: FSA.
  • Brazil: BCB.
  • Per-country regulators in 80+ markets.

Technical integration

Wise is multi-rail cross-border + multi-currency fintech [1, 5]:

Layer Description
Channels Wise app (iOS + Android) + Wise.com web + Wise debit card (Mastercard)
Identifiers Phone number + email + IBAN + per-country local account details (US ACH, UK sort code + account, EU IBAN, AU BSB)
Core innovation P2P matching of opposite-direction transfers via local payment rails — eliminates correspondent banking + hidden FX margin
FX model Real mid-market exchange rate + transparent fixed/percentage fee disclosed upfront
Multi-currency accounts Hold 40+ currencies in single Wise account
Local account details US ACH routing + account, UK sort code + account, EU IBAN, AU BSB, NZ, SG, CA, HU, RO + others
Card Wise Card (Mastercard) — spend in 175+ currencies
Standards SEPA + SWIFT + UK Faster Payments + US ACH + EMV-tokenization
Business product Wise Business — SME multi-currency accounts + Batch Payments API

Users & growth

FY2025 (ending March 2025) [3]:

  • Customers served: 15.6 million
  • Cross-border volume: £145.2 billion (+23% YoY)
  • Revenue: £1.2 billion (+15% YoY); $2.1 billion net revenue (+18% YoY)

Q3 FY26 (ending Dec 31, 2025) [4]:

  • Active customers: 10.9 million (+20% YoY)
  • Cross-border volume Q3: £47.4 billion (+26% YoY)

Customer holdings (4-year trajectory) [1]: 5.7x growth to £21.5 billion — substantial deposit growth.

Use cases

International personal money transfers [1]: Cardinal — original use case.

Multi-currency Wise Account [2]: Hold 40+ currencies; receive local-account details in US, UK, EU, AU, NZ, SG, CA, HU, RO + others.

Wise Card (Mastercard) spending [2]: 175+ currencies at real exchange rate.

Wise Business [2]: SME multi-currency accounts + Batch Payments API + invoicing.

Salary receipt from abroad [1]: Major remote-worker + freelancer use case.

Payroll + supplier payments [1]: Business use.

Cryptocurrency on/off-ramp (Wise + crypto exchange integrations) [1]: Indirect via exchange partnerships.

Implementations & partners

Operator: Wise plc (LON: WISE).

Card-network partner: Mastercard (Wise Card).

Banking partners: Bank-of-record partnerships in multiple markets — e.g. UK FPS + SEPA + US ACH direct membership.

Major competitors:

  • [[revolut]] (UK + EU + Mexico neobank; 70M+ users; banking license vs Wise's EMI).
  • [[paypal]] (Xoom subsidiary).
  • Remitly, WorldRemit, Western Union, MoneyGram (remittance specialists).
  • OFX, CurrencyFair, Airwallex (cross-border SMB).
  • Traditional banks (Barclays, HSBC, Citi cross-border services).

G20 Roadmap for Enhancing Cross-Border Payments: Wise has published 2025 report contributing to G20 + FSB cross-border-payments policy work.

Fun facts

  • Founded January 2011 by 2 Estonians (Kristo Käärmann + Taavet Hinrikus) frustrated with bank FX margins on personal transfers.
  • Taavet Hinrikus was Skype's #1 employee — Skype-Estonia network of talent.
  • Rebranded TransferWise → Wise (2020) reflects broader product scope.
  • July 2021 LSE direct listing — innovative listing model (no IPO underwriters).
  • 15.6 million customers in FY2025 + £145.2B cross-border volume — substantial scale.
  • Multi-currency account with local details in 10+ countries — distinctive feature.
  • Real mid-market exchange rate + transparent fees — defining customer-value proposition.
  • Customer holdings 5.7x growth to £21.5B over 4 years — substantial deposit-base growth.
  • G20 cross-border-payments policy participant — recognized industry voice.

Comparison

Feature Wise [[revolut]] [[paypal]] (+ Xoom) Remitly Western Union
Operator Wise plc (LON: WISE) Revolut Ltd + Bank UAB + Bank PLC + Mexico PayPal Holdings (PYPL) Remitly Global (RELY) Western Union (WU)
Type Multi-currency + cross-border transfers + EMI Multi-currency neobank + bank Online checkout + cross-border (Xoom) Cross-border remittance Cross-border money transfer
Active customers 10.9M (Q3 FY26) 70M+ 434M (PayPal) 7.8M+ active Major (legacy)
Annual volume £145.2B (FY25) n/a $1.68T TPV $50B+ n/a
Annual revenue £1.2B (FY25) $6B $31.8B $1.3B+ Major
Card Wise Card (Mastercard) Revolut Card (Visa + Mastercard) PayPal Debit (Mastercard) Limited Limited
Banking license EMI (no bank license) Full bank (UK + EU + Mexico) EU bank holding Limited Limited

Status

Active, growing cross-border-transfer + multi-currency leader [1, 3, 4]:

  • Wise plc (LON: WISE) since July 2021 LSE direct listing.
  • 15.6M customers + £145.2B FY25 cross-border volume + £1.2B revenue (+15%).
  • Q3 FY26: 10.9M active customers (+20%) + £47.4B cross-border (+26%).
  • Customer holdings 5.7x growth to £21.5B over 4 years.

Sources

Source

Biography extracted from wise.md. See matrix.md for standards-support matrix if present.

source · docs/wallets/wise/index.md